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What is PCOS? Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

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What is PCOS? Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

By Dr. Shreya Prabhoo – Gynecologist& Obstetrician in Andheri East, Mumbai

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age. It can impact menstrual cycles, fertility, hormone levels, metabolism, and overall health. While PCOS is a lifelong condition, early diagnosis and proper treatment can help women lead healthy, active lives and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

A] What Are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs/structures that form on or within the ovaries. Most people worry when they find out that they have ovarian cysts. But most of these ovarian cysts are functional cysts, which are not something you should worry about. This is because they are a part of your normal ovulation process. It’s only in rare cases that ovarian cysts are linked to ovarian cancer. Understanding other factors, such as the types and sizes, will further help you make informed decisions.

If you experience irregular periods, acne, unexplained weight gain, or difficulty conceiving, consulting an experienced gynecologist is the first step toward effective management.

What is PCOS?

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a hormonal imbalance that affects the normal functioning of the ovaries. In women with PCOS, the ovaries may produce higher-than-normal levels of androgens (male hormones), which can interfere with ovulation. As a result, eggs may not mature or be released regularly, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and fertility challenges.

Despite its name, not every woman with PCOS has ovarian cysts. The condition varies from person to person and requires proper medical evaluation for an accurate diagnosis.

Common Causes of PCOS

The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development :

  • Hormonal imbalance
  • Genetic or family history of PCOS
  • Increased androgen (male hormone) levels
  • Lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity
  • Chronic low-grade inflammation
Many women inherit a tendency to develop PCOS, making early screening important if there is a family history.

Symptoms of PCOS

Symptoms can differ from one woman to another. The most common signs include :
  • Irregular or missed menstrual periods
  • Excess facial or body hair (Hirsutism)
  • Acne or oily skin
  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
  • Hair thinning or hair loss
  • Difficulty getting pregnant due to irregular ovulation
  • Darkening of skin around the neck, underarms, or groin
  • Multiple small follicles visible on ultrasound
  • Mood changes and fatigue
Women experiencing these symptoms should consult a qualified gynecologist for a comprehensive evaluation.

Concerned About Ovarian Cysts?

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How is PCOS Diagnosed?

Dr. Shreya Prabhoo performs a detailed assessment that may include :
  • Review of medical and menstrual history
  • Physical examination
  • Pelvic ultrasound
  • Blood tests to evaluate hormone levels
  • Blood sugar and insulin tests
  • Thyroid and other hormone investigations when required
Early diagnosis allows timely treatment and helps prevent future health complications.

Treatment Options for PCOS

The treatment plan depends on your symptoms, age, and whether you are planning pregnancy.

Lifestyle Modifications
Lifestyle changes are often the first and most effective step in managing PCOS.
  • Healthy balanced diet
  • Regular exercise
  • Weight management
  • Stress reduction
  • Adequate sleep
Even a modest weight loss can significantly improve hormonal balance and menstrual regularity.

Medications

Your gynecologist may prescribe medications to :

  • Regulate menstrual cycles
  • Improve ovulation
  • Reduce androgen levels
  • Manage acne and excessive hair growth
  • Improve insulin resistance
Medications should always be taken under medical supervision.

Fertility Treatment

Women planning pregnancy may require ovulation induction medications or advanced fertility treatments based on their individual condition.
Early fertility evaluation improves the chances of successful conception.

Can PCOS Be Cured?

PCOS cannot be permanently cured, but it can be effectively managed with proper treatment and healthy lifestyle habits. Most women with PCOS can enjoy regular menstrual cycles, improved fertility, and better overall health with ongoing medical care.

Possible Complications of Untreated PCOS

Without proper treatment, PCOS may increase the risk of :
  • Infertility
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Heart disease
  • Endometrial hyperplasia
  • Sleep apnea
  • Anxiety and depression
Regular follow-up with a gynecologist helps reduce these risks.

When Should You Visit a Gynecologist?

Schedule a consultation if you experience :
  • Missing periods for several months
  • Very irregular menstrual cycles
  • Difficulty conceiving after trying for several months
  • Persistent acne despite treatment
  • Rapid weight gain
  • Excessive facial hair
  • Severe menstrual problems

Early intervention often leads to better long-term outcomes.

Why Choose Dr. Shreya Prabhoo?

Dr. Shreya Prabhoo is an experienced Gynecologist& Obstetrician in Andheri East, Mumbai, providing compassionate and evidence-based care for women at every stage of life. She offers personalized treatment plans for PCOS, infertility, menstrual disorders, pregnancy care, fibroids, pelvic pain, menopause management, and minimally invasive gynecological procedures.

Every patient receives individualized attention, thorough evaluation, and treatment focused on improving long-term reproductive and hormonal health.

Book Your PCOS Consultation in Andheri East, Mumbai

If you are experiencing irregular periods, hormonal imbalance, or fertility concerns, don’t ignore the symptoms. Early diagnosis and expert treatment can make a significant difference.
Consult Dr. Shreya Prabhoo, trusted Gynecologist& Obstetrician in Andheri East, Mumbai, for comprehensive PCOS evaluation and personalized treatment to help you achieve better reproductive health.

Personalised Women’s Health Care You Can Trust

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is PCOS a serious condition?

Ans : PCOS is manageable, but without treatment it can increase the risk of infertility, diabetes, and heart disease.

2. Can women with PCOS get pregnant?

Ans : Yes. Many women with PCOS conceive naturally or with appropriate fertility treatment.

3. Does every woman with PCOS have ovarian cysts?

Ans : No. Not all women diagnosed with PCOS have cysts on their ovaries.

4. Can losing weight improve PCOS symptoms?

Ans : Yes. Weight management often improves ovulation, hormone levels, and menstrual regularity.

5. When should I consult a gynecologist for PCOS?

Ans : If you have irregular periods, acne, excessive hair growth, weight gain, or difficulty conceiving, schedule a consultation for evaluation and treatment.

Website Main Logo Dr. Shreya Prabhoo (MBBS, DGO, DNB, MRCOG, FICOG, MNAMS) is a highly respected Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist based in Mumbai. Read More

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