A surgical abortion is a medical procedure to terminate a pregnancy, particularly after 10 weeks of gestation. Before that point, doctors generally recommend a medical abortion using pills. However, surgical abortion may still be advised under special circumstances.
In this comprehensive blog, we will explore the steps involved before a surgical abortion, the procedure, what happens after the surgery, why it is preferred over abortion pills, and what treatment might be needed afterward.
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C] What Happens After a Surgical Abortion
After a surgical abortion, the patient is monitored by the medical staff for about 30 minutes to an hour. The monitoring is done to ensure there are no immediate complications, including excessive bleeding or a reaction to anaesthesia.
Some patients experience common physical symptoms such as cramping or moderate bleeding, which may feel like a menstrual period. Such symptoms may last a few days. Nausea, fatigue, and emotional fluctuations can also occur in the days following the procedure.
For a safe recovery, the patients are advised to rest for at least 24 hours. They are also advised to avoid heavy lifting, douching, or sexual intercourse for about 2 weeks to prevent infection. Over-the-counter pain relievers may be recommended to manage discomfort.
A healthcare provider may schedule a follow-up appointment to ensure the patient’s complete recovery.
D] Why Surgical Abortion is a Preferred Option Over Abortion Pills?
There are several medical and practical reasons why surgical abortion is preferred over abortion pills. To understand this preference, it helps to know how abortion pills work and how they differ from surgical procedures.
With efficiency being the primary advantage, a surgical option is completed in a single visit and provides an immediate outcome. Patients often resume their daily activities within a day or two.
Medication abortion (using mifepristone and misoprostol), on the other hand, takes several days to complete and has a slightly lower accuracy rate. It also involves cramping, heavy bleeding, and additional follow-ups.
Clinically, surgical abortion is more controlled, as it is performed under medical supervision in sterile conditions. This method reduces the risk of complications such as incomplete abortion or excessive bleeding.
Surgical abortion is also the preferred option for women at a later gestational age, as medication abortion is generally recommended only up to 9 weeks of gestation. In such cases, surgical methods are both safe and effective.
E] What Further Treatments Might Be Needed After an Abortion?
Although surgical abortions are uncomplicated and do not require further treatment, there are rare instances where a repeat surgical abortion may be necessary. For example, in cases of incomplete abortion, where tissue remains in the uterus, a repeat surgical abortion or uterine aspiration might be required to remove the remaining tissue and prevent infection.
If an accidental puncture, also known as uterine perforation, occurs, treatment may involve observation if the injury is minor. However, surgical repair may be necessary if there is internal bleeding or any organ damage. In severe complications, which are often rare, minimally invasive surgery might be required to assess or treat injuries. A hysterectomy, which involves the removal of the uterus, is performed in life-threatening cases, such as uncontrollable bleeding or severe infection; however, it is rarely needed.
Conclusion
Surgical abortion is a clinically safe procedure recommended for ending a pregnancy when the time frame for abortion with pills has passed. The procedure is generally quick, and healthcare professionals perform it with precision. While medical experts manage all aspects with great care and attention, keeping yourself informed is equally important and part of your responsibility. Understanding the steps and procedure not only adds to your confidence but also ensures you take the necessary post-operative care.
If you are facing any complications in your pregnancy and considering surgical abortion as an option, it is crucial to have personalised guidance prior. Book an appointment with Dr. Shreya Prabhoo, a skilled gynaecologist who can assess your condition and suggest the most appropriate treatment for your needs.
Dr. Shreya Prabhoo (MBBS, DGO, DNB, MRCOG, FICOG, MNAMS) is a highly respected Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist based in Mumbai.